Mechanism of action
Rifaximin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has antibacterial activity against both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Rifaximin's antimicrobial activity is due to its binding to the bacterial RNA polymerase, which prevents RNA and subsequent protein synthesis.
indications
Rifaximin was approved in 2004 for the prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea. In 2009, its indication was extended to the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis.
Usage
Rifaximin for travellers' diarrhoea is available in 200 mg tablets under the trade name Xifaxan(recommended dose of 200 mg, 3 times daily for 3 days); Rifaximin is available as a 550 mg tablet for hepatic encephalopathy under the trade name Xifaxan550 (recommended dose 550 mg twice daily, often in combination with lactudrop).
Side effects
Side effects of rifaximin include peripheral edema, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, muscle cramps, and gastrointestinal distress.
Long-term use may cause fungal or bacterial superinfection, including diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile.
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